The different forms of PPP

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) come in various forms, each tailored to specific project needs and the extent of private sector involvement. Common forms include Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), where the private sector designs, finances, constructs, owns and operates a facility for a set period before transferring ownership to the government. Build-Own-Operate (BOO) allows the private sector to retain ownership and operational responsibilities indefinitely. Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO) integrates multiple project phases under private sector management, enhancing efficiency and accountability.

In Lease-Develop-Operate (LDO) arrangements, the private sector leases existing infrastructure, improves it, and operates it. Concessions grant private entities the right to operate and maintain public infrastructure while adhering to regulatory standards. Each form offers different advantages and risk-sharing mechanisms, ensuring flexibility to address diverse public infrastructure and service needs.